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BBP offers organizations a process where they might not have had one before and often aligns PowerPoint with the group s communications strategy for the rst time If possible, the most-senior people should be in involved in the BBP process along with others such as marketers, graphic designers, and even some of your customers who would be willing to join you When BBP brings together these separate groups,.

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The way ActiveRecord relates data to objects is logical and straightforward. Columns become attributes that you can get and set on the objects, and you can then save those objects back to the database with the object s save method. However, let s imagine that you have a User model that contains columns including a user s name, e-mail address, and other user-related information. Now let s imagine that you directly relate users and entries within your application. You might expect to be able to do things like this:

Note A string is just a sequence of characters. The index 0 refers to the first element, in this case the letter H.

entry = Entry.find(1) entry.user.name = 'Name of whoever posted the entry' entry.user.email = 'Their e-mail address'

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This is, indeed, what one-to-many relationships with ActiveRecord enable. Setting up such a relationship between models is easy. Consider the two models, located in app/models/entry.rb and app/models/user.rb respectively:

You would use this code for the User model:

the ef cient process of producing presentations increases the speed of decision making, reduces revisions, and improves the quality and impact of PowerPoint communications for both presenters and audiences. BBP will also reveal that people on your team have unexpected talents that will surprise you perhaps computer engineers will turn out to be good at graphic design, graphic designers will be good at wordsmithing a logical argument, and statisticians will be good at facilitating the social process of BBP.

ActiveRecord was designed to allow an almost natural language mechanism of defining model relationships. In our Entry model we say that Entry objects belong_to User objects. In the User model we say that User objects has_many associated Entry objects. The only thing you need to set up, other than the relationship itself, is a column in the entries table that enables the relationship to work. You need to store the id of the associated user with each Entry object, so you need to add an integer column to entries called user_id. You could do this by creating a new migration and using a directive such as add_column :entries, :user_id, :integer or by adding the column manually with SQL (or another client). Once the model relationship has been defined and relationships between data have been made which is as easy as, say, entry.user = User.find(1) you can then access data across the relationship. For example, in a view showing an entry, you might have some view code such as this:

This is called indexing you use an index to fetch an element. All sequences can be indexed in this way. When you use a negative index, Python counts from the right, that is, from the last element. The last element is at position 1 (not 0, as that would be the same as the first element): >>> greeting[-1] 'o' String literals (and other sequence literals, for that matter) may be indexed directly, without using a variable to refer to them. The effect is exactly the same: >>> 'Hello'[1] 'e' If a function call returns a sequence, you can index it directly. For instance, if you are simply interested in the fourth digit in a year entered by the user, you could do something like this: >>> fourth = raw_input('Year: ')[3] Year: 2005 >>> fourth '5'

ActiveRecord also supports many-to-many relationships. For example, consider the relationship between fictional Student and Class models. Students can be associated with more than one class at a time, and each class can contain many students. With ActiveRecord, you can define these relationships using a join table and a has_and_belongs_to_many relationship, or through an intermediary model such as Enrollment, which defines the links between Students and Classes.